Author Guidelines

General Principles

The Advanced Journal of Biomedicine & Medicine (AJBM) publishes original, peer-reviewed biomedical research, clinical studies, reviews, and case reports that contribute to the advancement of medical science and public health. The journal follows the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) structure and expects manuscripts to meet international standards of scientific writing and research ethics. By submitting a manuscript to AJBM, the authors confirm that the work is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under consideration by another journal.

Language

Manuscripts must be written in English in a clear and concise manner. Any author who is not fluent in idiomatic English is urged to seek assistance with manuscript preparation prior to submission. Reviewers are not expected to correct grammatical errors and any deficiency in this area may detract from the scientific content of the paper and result in acceptance delays or rejection.

 Before Submission

Authors must disclose all potential conflicts of interest in a dedicated “Conflicts of Interest” section of the manuscript. Any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could be perceived to influence the work must be clearly explained. If no conflicts exist, authors should include the following statement:

“The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.”

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all co-authors have disclosed their relevant interests accurately and completely.

Authors must also disclose all current or recent sources of funding, including support for article processing charges (APCs), as well as any other payments, goods, or services that could be perceived as influencing the research. All funding sources—whether or not they constitute a conflict of interest—must be clearly acknowledged in the “Acknowledgments” section.

The involvement of any individuals or organizations other than the listed authors must be declared if they:

1. Have a direct or indirect interest in the outcomes of the work;

2. Are affiliated with an organization that has such an interest; or

3. Were employed, funded, or otherwise compensated by a sponsor or funder.

This includes involvement in the commissioning, conception, study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation or editing, and the decision to submit or publish the work.

Affiliations

Authors must provide complete and accurate institutional affiliations that reflect where the research was approved, supported, and/or conducted. For non-research articles, authors should list their current institutional affiliation.

If an author changes institutions before publication, the affiliation associated with the work should remain listed in the manuscript. The author’s current affiliation and updated contact details may be included in the Acknowledgments section.

Please note that a change in institutional affiliation alone does not constitute a valid reason for the removal of an author from a manuscript, provided that the individual continues to meet the journal’s authorship criteria.

Manuscript Preparation

Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with "Uniform requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals" developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (October 2008). The uniform requirements and specific requirements of AJBM are summarized below. Before submitting a manuscript, contributors are requested to check for the latest instructions available.

Online Submission

Manuscripts should be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript through the online AJBM Editorial Manager following the instructions given on the screen. Only Word (.doc, .docx, .rtf) files can be submitted through the AJBM Editorial Manager, and there is no page limit. Submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be accepted. The submitting author takes responsibility for the manuscript during submission and peer review. If for some technical reason, submission through the AJBM Editorial Manager is not possible, the author can contact to editor@ajbm.net for support.

Initial evaluation

All submitted manuscripts are initially assessed by the Editorial Office to ensure that they are complete, properly prepared, and compliant with the journal’s ethical policies and submission guidelines. As part of this initial screening, all submissions are checked for potential plagiarism using iThenticate or equivalent plagiarism-detection software.

Manuscripts that do not comply with the journal’s ethical standards, fall outside its scope, or fail to meet basic scientific or technical requirements may be rejected without external peer review. Incomplete submissions or manuscripts not prepared according to the prescribed format will be returned to the authors for correction without scientific evaluation.

Following the initial checks, the Editorial Office consults with the Editor-in-Chief to determine whether the manuscript is suitable for peer review based on its relevance, scientific quality, and priority for publication. Manuscripts deemed to have insufficient priority or limited scientific contribution may be rejected at this stage.

Authors are expected to submit manuscripts written in clear and professional English. The Editor reserves the right to reject submissions on the basis of inadequate language quality. All editorial decisions made during the initial screening stage are reviewed and confirmed by the Editor-in-Chief.

Submission Declaration and Verification

By submitting a manuscript to the Advanced Journal of Biomedicine & Medicine (AJBM), the submitting author confirms, on behalf of all co-authors, that:

• All listed authors have made appropriate contributions to the work and have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript;

• The submitting author has obtained the consent of all co-authors to submit the manuscript and to act as the corresponding author for communication with the journal;

The authors further declare that:

(a) The manuscript is an original work, and the authors have the legal right to submit it for publication and to grant the journal permission to publish it. Where applicable, the authors will inform the journal at the time of submission if the work is subject to public-domain or similar legal requirements.

(b) The manuscript has not been previously published, in whole or in part, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, nor does it infringe upon any existing copyright or other proprietary rights.

(c) The manuscript does not contain any unlawful, defamatory, or confidential material, and its publication will not violate any contractual, ethical, or legal obligations.

(d) The authors have exercised due care and diligence in the conduct of the research and in the preparation of the manuscript. To the best of their knowledge, all data and statements presented as factual are accurate, verifiable, and honestly reported.

Article structure

(Based on ICMJE Recommendations and COPE Standards)

Reporting Guidelines

Authors must prepare manuscripts in accordance with recognized reporting standards:
- Randomized Controlled Trials: CONSORT
- Observational Studies: STROBE
- Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: PRISMA
- Diagnostic Accuracy Studies: STARD
- Case Reports: CARE
- Animal Studies: ARRIVE
- Qualitative Research: SRQR

Further details are available through the EQUATOR Network (https://www.equator-network.org).

Manuscript Preparation

MMJ accepts the following article types:
- Original Research Articles (structured format, ≤4000 words)
- Review Articles/Systematic Reviews (≤6000 words)
- Case Reports and Clinical Images (≤2000 words)
- Short Communications (≤1500 words)
- Editorials/Letters to the Editor (≤1000 words)

All manuscripts should be written in English, using Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced, and formatted in Microsoft Word (.docx).

Manuscript Sections

Title Page
Include:
- Full title (concise and informative; may indicate study design)
- Author names and institutional affiliations (with ORCID IDs)
- Corresponding author’s full contact information (email, phone, and postal address)
- Funding statement
- Word count (excluding references and tables)
- Number of tables and figures
- Conflict of Interest declaration

Abstract
Provide a structured abstract (250–300 words) with subheadings: Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. State the clinical trial registration number (if applicable) and include 4–6 keywords (MeSH terms preferred).

Introduction
State the background, rationale, and specific objectives or hypotheses of the study. Include only relevant references.

Methods
Describe the study design, setting, and participants. Include eligibility criteria, sampling, interventions, and data analysis methods. Identify ethical approval and adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki. Specify statistical analyses used.

Results
Present results logically, starting with baseline data and primary outcomes. Avoid duplication between text, tables, and figures.

Discussion
Summarize key findings, interpret their significance in context, and discuss limitations.

Conclusions
Provide concise statements supported by the findings.

References

Follow AMA style. References should be numbered consecutively in order of citation in the text, using Arabic numerals in square brackets [ ]. Examples:

- Journal article: Rosenau C, Emery D, Keyboard B, Qoronfleh MW. Development of a high-throughput plate-based chemiluminescent transcription factor assay. J Biomol Screen. 2004;9(5):334–42.
- Book chapter: Oyer RA, Schlossberg D. Hematologic changes in tuberculosis. In: Schlossberg D, editor. Tuberculosis & Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections. 5th ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill; 2007. p. 357–64.

Tables, Figures and Images

Number tables and figures consecutively. Provide self-explanatory titles and legends. Images and figures should only be included if they are directly relevant and add significant value to the work being reported. Avoid incorporating content that is purely decorative or does not contribute to the scholarly merit of the article. As part of the Journal Author Publishing Agreement, authors must obtain written permission to include any material owned or copyrighted by a third party. This includes, but is not limited to, proprietary text, illustrations, tables, data, audio, video, film stills, screenshots, musical notation, and any supplemental material. Submit figures in high-resolution JPEG/TIFF (≥300 dpi).

Units and Abbreviations

Use SI units. Temperature in °C, blood pressure in mm Hg. Define abbreviations at first mention and avoid abbreviations in titles and abstracts.

Supplementary materials

Describe any supplementary material published online alongside the manuscript (figure, tables, video, spreadsheets, etc.). Please indicate the name and title of each element as follows Figure S1: title, Table S1: title, etc.

Mandatory Statements & Declarations

The following statements must be included in your submitted manuscript under the heading 'Statements and Declarations'. This should be placed before the References section. Please note that submissions that do not include required statements will be returned as incomplete.

Funding

Authors must disclose all sources of financial support that contributed to the conduct of the research and the preparation of the manuscript. Funding statements should include the name of the funding agency, grant number(s), and, where relevant, the nature of the support received.

If the funder had any role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or decision to publish, this should be clearly stated. If the funder had no such involvement, authors should explicitly declare this.

All manuscripts must include a Funding statement, even if no funding was received.

Example Statements

• With funding:

  This work was supported by [Funding Agency Name] (Grant No. [XXXX] and [YYYY]). Author A.B. received additional research support from Company A. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation.

• No funding:

  The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other financial support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Competing Interests

Authors are required to disclose any financial or non-financial competing interests that could be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation of data, or presentation of the submitted work. Competing interests may be direct or indirect.

All relevant interests occurring within the three years preceding the initiation of the work (including study design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation) must be disclosed. Interests outside this time frame should also be declared if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted manuscript.

Disclosed interests may include, but are not limited to, employment, consultancies, honoraria, research funding, stock ownership, patents, paid expert testimony, travel support, advisory roles, or personal or professional relationships.

All authors must include a Competing Interests statement in their manuscript. If no competing interests exist, authors should explicitly state this.

Example Statements

• With declared interests:

  Financial interests: Author A and Author B declare no financial interests. Author C has received speaker and consultancy honoraria from Company M and research funding from Company N. Author D has received travel support from Company O.
  Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M and Company N.

• With no declared interests:

  The authors declare that they have no known competing financial or non-financial interests that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Author Contributions

Authors are encouraged to include a clear and specific Author Contributions statement that describes the individual contributions of each author to the research and preparation of the manuscript. This promotes transparency, accountability, and appropriate attribution of credit.

Where applicable, contributions may include study conception and design, data acquisition, analysis and interpretation, manuscript drafting, critical revision, and final approval of the version to be published.

All authors must have made a meaningful contribution to the work and must approve the final manuscript prior to submission.

Example Statement

All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation, data collection, and data analysis were performed by [Full Name], [Full Name], and [Full Name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Full Name]. All authors critically reviewed and revised previous versions of the manuscript, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Author Contributions (CRediT Taxonomy)

Authors may optionally describe their individual contributions using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT). The CRediT taxonomy provides standardized roles to enhance transparency and ensure appropriate attribution of authorship contributions.

The following roles may be used, as applicable:

• Conceptualization – Formulation or evolution of research goals and aims

• Methodology – Development or design of methodology; creation of models

• Software – Programming, software development, or code implementation

• Validation – Verification of results and reproducibility

• Formal Analysis – Statistical, mathematical, or computational analysis

• Investigation – Conducting experiments or data collection

• Resources – Provision of study materials, patients, or data

• Data Curation – Management, annotation, and preservation of data

• Writing – Original Draft – Preparation of the initial manuscript draft

• Writing – Review & Editing – Critical review and revision of the manuscript

• Visualization – Preparation of figures, tables, or data presentations

• Supervision – Oversight and leadership responsibility

• Project Administration – Coordination and management of the research project

• Funding Acquisition – Acquisition of financial support for the project

Authors should list the relevant role(s) for each contributor. All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript.

Example CRediT Statement

[Full Name]: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision.
[Full Name]: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Visualization.
[Full Name]: Writing – Original Draft.
[Full Name]: Writing – Review & Editing, Project Administration.

We advise you to read more about CRediT and view an example of a CRediT author statement.

Ethical Approval

Authors of research involving human participants, human data, human biological material, or animals must include a statement in the manuscript confirming that the study received approval or exemption from an appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee. Where applicable, the statement should include the name of the ethics committee and the approval or reference number.

For research involving animals, their data, or biological materials, authors must provide sufficient detail to demonstrate that animals were treated ethically and in accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines.

If a study was granted an exemption or did not require formal ethical approval (for example, certain observational or publicly available data studies), this must be clearly stated in the manuscript, together with the rationale for the exemption.

Research involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with recognized ethical principles, including the Declaration of Helsinki, and must comply with applicable laws and regulations. Where required, authors should confirm that informed consent was obtained from participants.

Example Statements

• Human subjects (with approval):

  This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of University B (Approval Date: [DD/MM/YYYY]; Reference No.: [XXXX]).

• Human subjects (exempt):

  This study was an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee confirmed that ethical approval was not required.

• Animal research:

  All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of [Institution Name] (Approval No.: [XXXX]) and were conducted in accordance with applicable animal welfare guidelines.

For further details on ethical requirements, authors are referred to the journal’s policies on “Research involving human participants, their data or biological material” and “Research involving animals, their data or biological material.”

Consent to participate

For all research involving human participants, authors must confirm that freely given, informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion. For studies involving minors or individuals unable to provide consent, informed consent must be obtained from a parent or legally authorized guardian, in accordance with applicable laws and ethical standards.

A statement confirming consent to participate must be included in the manuscript. Where relevant, authors should specify whether consent was obtained in written or verbal form and whether assent was obtained from minors, as required.

If informed consent was waived by an appropriate ethics committee, this must be clearly stated in the manuscript, together with the justification for the waiver.

Example Statements

• General consent:

  Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

• Parental/guardian consent:

  Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating minors.

• Consent waived:

  The requirement for informed consent was waived by the [Name of Ethics Committee] due to the observational nature of the study.

Please check the “Informed Consent” for additional help with completing this information.

Consent to publish

Participation in a research study does not automatically imply consent for the publication of personal or identifiable data. If a manuscript includes any individual person’s data in any form—including personal details, images, photographs, videos, audio recordings, or other potentially identifiable information—authors must obtain explicit consent for publication from the individual concerned or, in the case of minors or individuals lacking legal capacity, from a parent or legally authorized guardian.

This requirement applies particularly to case reports and case series, but also to any research article in which individuals may be identifiable, directly or indirectly.

A statement confirming that consent to publish has been obtained must be included in the manuscript. Where applicable, authors should specify the type of material covered by the consent (e.g., clinical images, figures, videos).

If consent for publication was waived by an appropriate ethics committee, this must be clearly stated in the manuscript, together with the justification for the waiver.

Example Statements

• Images or identifiable material:

  The authors confirm that informed consent for publication of identifiable images and clinical information in Figures 1a, 1b, and 1c was obtained from the participants.

• Case reports:

  Written informed consent for publication of this case report and accompanying images was obtained from the patient.

• Consent waived:

  The requirement for consent to publish was waived by the [Name of Ethics Committee] because the data were fully anonymized.

Please check the “Informed Consent” for additional help with completing this information.

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing

Authors are required to disclose any use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted technologies in the preparation of their manuscript at the time of submission. This declaration applies exclusively to the writing process (e.g., language editing, grammar, or readability improvement) and does not include the use of AI tools for data analysis, statistical evaluation, image processing, or research insights.

Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies may be used only to enhance clarity, readability, and linguistic quality of the manuscript and must be applied under direct human supervision. Authors are fully responsible for reviewing, verifying, and editing all AI-assisted content, as such outputs may appear authoritative while containing inaccuracies, omissions, or bias.

The accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript—including compliance with ethical standards, authorship criteria, and originality requirements—remain entirely the responsibility of the authors.

Generative AI tools or technologies must not be listed as authors or co-authors, as authorship implies accountability, responsibility, and intellectual contribution that can only be fulfilled by humans.

Declaration Requirement:
Any use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies in writing must be disclosed in a dedicated statement included at the end of the manuscript upon initial submission. This statement will appear in the published article and should be placed in a new section preceding the reference list.

Example:

• Section Title: Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process
• Statement: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [NAME OF TOOL/SERVICE] for [SPECIFIC PURPOSE]. Following its use, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as necessary and accept full responsibility for the published material.

This declaration does not apply to basic tools such as grammar, spelling, or reference checkers. If no AI tools were used, no statement is required.

Please read Elsevier’s author policy on the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies, which can be found in our GenAI Policies for journals.

Please note: to protect authors’ rights and the confidentiality of their research, this journal does not currently allow the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies such as ChatGPT or similar services by reviewers or editors in the peer review and manuscript evaluation process, as is stated in our GenAI Policies for journals. We are actively evaluating compliant AI tools and may revise this policy in the future.

Data Availability Statement

The journal encourages authors to include an optional Data Availability Statement in their article. This statement should describe where and how the data supporting the results reported in the manuscript can be accessed, where applicable.

Data Availability Statements should specify whether the data are:

• Publicly available in a recognized repository (with a persistent identifier or hyperlink);

• Available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request; or

• Not available, with a clear and justified reason (e.g., ethical, legal, or privacy restrictions).

Where data have been deposited in a public repository, authors should provide the repository name and a direct, persistent link to the dataset. When data cannot be shared, authors must clearly state the reason for the restriction.

Example Data Availability Statements

• Publicly available data:

  The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the [Repository Name] repository at [persistent link or DOI].

• Data available on request:

  The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

• No data generated or analyzed:

  No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

• Restricted data:

  The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to ethical or legal restrictions but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Please check the “Research Data Policy and Data Availability” section below for more information.

Submission Process

Manuscripts must be submitted electronically through the journal’s online submission system: AJBM Editorial Manager

During the submission process, authors will be required to:

• Confirm that the manuscript is original, has not been previously published, and is not under consideration by another journal;

• Upload the main manuscript file and separate figure files, where applicable;

• Provide a cover letter briefly summarizing the key findings, novelty, and significance of the work;

• Declare any competing interests and sources of funding;

• Confirm compliance with ethical standards, including approvals, informed consent, and relevant guidelines where applicable.

Submissions that do not meet these requirements may be returned to authors for revision prior to peer review.

After Acceptance

Once a manuscript is accepted for publication, it enters the production process, which includes copyediting, typesetting, and proofing. Authors will receive page proofs for review and are responsible for checking and correcting typographical errors and minor factual or formatting issues within the specified timeframe.

Substantive changes to the content, authorship, or underlying data at the proof stage are not normally permitted and must be clearly justified. Any such changes are subject to editorial review and approval and may require additional documentation.

Final articles are published online with immediate open access under the journal’s standard license, Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), and are assigned a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to ensure permanent accessibility and citation.