Research Article
American Journal of BioMedicine
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 96-109 | http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/2023.11/96
Naomi D Gray, Duran J Sood, Bechtold H Tamela 1*
Received 31 January 2023 Revised 27 March 2023 Accepted 05 May 2023 Published 22 June 2023
Abstract
The study's objective was to ascertain the prevalence and defining characteristics of anemia in coronary artery disease patients. Retrospectively, 534 patients with comorbid anemia and coronary artery disease were examined. All patients were determined to have ongoing coronary supply route infection. The normal time of examined patients was 76.2 ± 5.11. Males with hemoglobin levels below 13.5 mg/dL and females with hemoglobin levels below 11.5 mg/dL were diagnosed with comorbid anemia. The patients were randomized by sex, age, and type of coronary corridor infection. Among all analyzed patients with coronary vein sickness frailty is viewed as in almost 75% of cases, which matches with the writing information. In individuals after 50 pallor is more normal in men than in ladies, while in youthful and moderately aged patients weak condition is more run of the mill in females. Just in under 90 case reports the determination of frailty was kept in the last clinical analysis during patients' release from the emergency clinic, in one more case low hemoglobin level was not thought about by doctors. Roughly only 35% of all instances of serious paleness were not analyzed in a medical clinic and no fitting rectification of hemoglobin level was performed. The rate of sickliness doesn't rely upon the type of constant coronary vein infection. In many patients with coronary course sickness comorbid sickliness is of normochromic and normocytic character. Alongside movement of the seriousness of the comorbid paleness, a genuinely critical increment of the hospitalization time frame is noticed. In patients with coronary corridor sickness and comorbid pallor, the recurrence of hospitalizations each year is additionally expanded alongside iron deficiency level of seriousness. In conclusion, constant types of coronary corridor sickness in old and feeble patients in 69.89% of cases are confounded by comorbid paleness of various levels of seriousness. In more established patients with coronary course sickness, the weak disorder is most frequently brought about by respiratory illnesses, stomach ulcers, and duodenal ulcers, diseases of various limitations. In many patients with coronary conduit sickness comorbid sickliness is of normochromic and normocytic character.
Keywords: Anemia; Coronary artery disease; Hemoglobin
Copyright: © 2023 Peng et al. This article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Mendis S, Lindholm LH, Anderson SG, et al. Total cardiovascular risk approach to improve efficiency of cardiovascular prevention in resource constrained settings. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64(12):1451-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.02.001 |
||||
2. Graham IM. The importance of total cardiovascular risk assessment in clinical practice. Eur J Gen Pract 2006; 12(4):148-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814780600976282 |
||||
3. Mendis S. The role of cardiovascular risk assessment in addressing prevention of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular complications of diabetes in South Asia. Asian Journal of Internal Medicine 2022; 1(1):38-49. https://doi.org/10.4038/ajim.v1i1.30 |
||||
4. Gräsner J-T , Herlitz J , Tjelmeland IBM , et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: epidemiology of cardiac arrest in Europe. Resuscitation 2021;161:61-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.007 |
||||
5. Shapira OM, Kelleher RM, Zelingher J , et al. Prognosis and quality of life after valve surgery in patients older than 75 years. Chest 1997; 112:885-894. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.112.4.885 |
||||
6. Dai H, Zhang Q, Much AA, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors for atrial fibrillation, 1990-2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2021; 7:574-582. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa061 |
||||
7. Tsai IT, Wang CP, Lu YC, Hung WC, Wu CC, Lu LF, et al. The burden of major adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 4;17(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-016-0436-7 |
||||
8. Ponikowska B, Suchocki T, Paleczny B, et al. Iron status and survival in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:4147-56. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0528 |
||||
9. Rymer JA, Rao SV. Anemia and coronary artery disease: pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment. Coron Artery Dis 2018; 29(2):161-167. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0000000000000598 |
||||
10. Rymer JA, Rao SV. Anemia and coronary artery disease: pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment. Coron Artery Dis 2018; 29:161-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0000000000000598 |
||||
11. Oliva EN, Schey C, Hutchings AS. A review of anemia as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Blood Res 2011; 1:160-6. | ||||
12. Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Fitterman N, Starkey M, Shekelle P. Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2013; 3;159(11):770-779. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00009 |
||||
13. Nappi J. Anemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2003; 60(14 Suppl 3):S4-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/60.suppl_3.S4 |
||||
14. Mancini DM, Katz SD, Lang CC, LaManca J, Hudaihed A, Androne AS. Effect of erythropoietin on exercise capacity in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure. Circulation 2003; 107:294-299. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000044914.42696.6A |
||||
15. leland JG, Coletta AP, Clark AL, Velavan P, Ingle L. Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology heart failure meeting and the American College of Cardiology: darbepoetin alfa study, ECHOS and ASCOT-BPLA. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 7:937-939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.07.001 |
||||
16. van der Meer P, Lipsic E, Daan Westenbrink BD, et al. Levels of hematopoiesis inhibitor N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline partially explain the occurrence of anemia in heart failure. Circulation 2005; 112:1743-1747. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.549121 |
||||
17. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, Tavazzi L. Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1539-1549. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa050496 |
||||
18. Teerlink JR. Recent heart failure trials of neurohormonal modulation (OVERTURE and ENABLE): approaching the asymptote of efficacy? J Card Fail 2002; 8:124-127. https://doi.org/10.1054/jcaf.2002.126486 |
||||
19. Mann DL, McMurray JJ, Packer M, et al. Targeted anticytokine therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation (RENEWAL). Circulation 2004; 109:1594-1602. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000124490.27666.B2 |
||||
20. leland JG, Coletta AP, Freemantle N, Velavan P, Tin L, Clark AL. Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology meeting: CARE-HF and the remission of heart failure, Women's Health Study, TNT, COMPASS-HF, VERITAS, CANPAP, PEECH and PREMIER. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 7:931-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.04.002 |
||||
21. Cleland JG, Clark AL. Delivering the cumulative benefits of triple therapy to improve outcomes in heart failure: too many cooks will spoil the broth. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42:1234-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00948-3 |
||||
22. Cingolani OH, Yang XP, Liu YH, Villanueva M, Rhaleb NE, Carretero OA. Reduction of cardiac fibrosis decreases systolic performance without affecting diastolic function in hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2004; 43:1067-1073. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000125013.22494.c5 |
||||
23. Ponikowska B, Suchocki T, Paleczny B, et al. Iron status and survival in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:4147-56. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0528 |
||||
24. Rymer JA, Rao SV. Anemia and coronary artery disease: pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment. Coron Artery Dis 2018; 29:161-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0000000000000598 |
||||
25. Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1011-23. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra041809 |
||||
26. Guida C, Altamura S, Klein FA, Galy B, Boutros M, Ulmer AJ, et al.. A novel inflammatory pathway mediating rapid hepcidin-independent hypoferremia. Blood 2015; 125:2265-75. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-08-595256 |
||||
27. Avanzas P, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Quiles J, Roy D, Kaski JC. Elevated serum neopterin predicts future adverse cardiac events in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 2005; 26:457-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi111 |
||||
28. Grammer TB, Fuchs D, Boehm BO, Winkelmann BR, Maerz W. Neopterin as a predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality in individuals undergoing angiography in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1135-46. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.118844 |
||||
29. Winkelmann BR, Marz W, Boehm BO, Zotz R, Hager J, Hellstern P, et al.. Rationale and design of the LURIC study-a resource for functional genomics, pharmacogenomics and long-term prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacogenomics 2001; 2(Suppl. 1):S1-73. https://doi.org/10.1517/14622416.2.1.S1 |
Liu M, Wang X, Wu J, Li P. Comorbid normochromic and normocytic anemia in coronary artery disease: retrospective study . American Journal of BioMedicine 2023; 11(2):96-109.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in American Journal of BioMedicine are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.