CIP2A overexpression up-regulates Akt signaling pathway in metastasis breast cancer cell

Research Article

Received March 26, 2018; Accepted August 14, 2018; Published September 11, 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/015-10/658-673

Chen Hsu ¹, James H. Woodgett ², Tsung-Han Huang ², Trevor Peng ³, Patrick Wagner ¹, Gabriel Tyritzis ¹, John Shimizu ¹

Author Affiliations

a Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas, El Paso 79968, TX, USA. b Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Taiwan. c Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.

Abstract

The Akt signaling pathway is the crucial oncoprotein which can promote cell apoptosis resistance, enhance growth and proliferation of tumor cells of several tissues, and eventually lead to tumor formation and rapid growth. The Akt signaling pathway is involved in the complex regulatory roles of various proteins, including their own activation, loss of function, overexpression, and inactivation in the tumor microenvironment. CIP2A was up-regulated in the tumor microenvironment and breast cancer cells of the breast cancer metastasis group of which metastasis occurs mainly to lung, liver, and bone. Besides, in the advanced-stage molecular pathology, the molecular mechanism of such rise in CIP2A expression and its carcinogenic role were seldom explored previously. However, a novel understanding has been investigating progress in the discovery of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GG) and potentially act on DNA to activate protein kinase B. In order to respond to the above issues, we want to find the correlations between CIP2A overexpression and Akt signaling pathways in breast cancer metastatic cells systematically. Because CIP2A is overexpressed in breast cancer metastasis, such important scientific implications are used to identify the molecular mechanism of Akt phosphorylation in breast cancer metastatic cells with CIP2A overexpressed. In the current research, we are mainly based on the purpose of discussing the importance and the aim of the existence of research to systematically and comprehensively investigate the molecular mechanism of CIP2A overexpression in increasing Akt phosphorylation in breast cancer metastatic cells. Moreover, by exploring the progress of related research and the results of study that are being explored this is certainly important to strengthen molecular studies regarding the growth and invasion of cancer in the microenvironment.

Keywords: Breast cancer; CIP2A; Metastesis; Akt; PP2A

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