Received February 28, 2016; Accepted June 12, 2016; Published August 29, 2016.
Dominique Charles; Lea Williams; Wayne Mann
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing among children in Western countries. Children living with overweight, and obesity also suffer from immediate health problems, including psychological and social issues. It is therefore essential to look for evidence and summarize the existing literature on the subject, in order to establish a knowledge base. The purpose of this study was to summarize scientific evidence on the level of childhood obesity in France. It provides an estimate of childhood overweight/obesity in France and interventions aiming at primary prevention on a more specific topic. The data gathering is based on the method of conducting a systematic review of the published English-language data from 2000 to 2009. Fifteen studies are included in the results, which use a wide range of grades to find the evidence, present characteristics and results, and document the quality of those studies. Eight studies present the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity taken from a range of international sources, with three being compared. They use documented weight and height. All of these studies support the idea that weight increases with age. Six studies were taken from robust French national data that compares overweight and obesity over time, by carrying out a trend analysis. Five present data on obese children. Childhood obesity has harmful consequences for immediate and future health. Data on the long-term effects are starting to be collected. The few available results show high future relative risks, both from having childhood obesity and from being a heavier child or having historical obesity. In Gray and Clarke, high and increasing relative risks are reported for cancer and heart disease.
Key words: Obesity; Childhood; Overweight; Prevalence
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