Assessment of postmenopausal bleeding: a cohort case study

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Azhar Mousa Al-Turiahi¹, Fawz Alla El-Dine, Sarah Hamza Herez
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∗Correspondence author: ¹Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine, Kufa University

 

 

 

 

Abstract

The objective of this study is to assessment the postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), and investigated their causes, correlation with variable socio-demographic status. A 140-women complaining of PMB were enrolled in this study, each patient had a proper questionnaire filled in, with appropriate investigations that included; ultrasonography, Pap smear, colposcopy with cervical biopsy and endometrial curettage to take endometrial biopsy for histopathology. Nearly all cases were married 135 (96.4%), most of them were obese and overweight 97(69.3%), 43(30.7%) were having normal body mass index. Various etiology of PMB were found in this study; endometrial cancer (9.3%), cervical cancer (0.7%), atrophic endometritis (7.1%), atrophic vaginitis (2.8%), endometrial hyperplasia (45%), Cervicitis-CIN (15.7%), cervical polyp (12.8%), and endometrial polyp (18.6%). Bleeding from benign causes and of endometrial cancer occurs at fifth decade and sixth decade of life, while from cervical cancer occurs at seventh decade. The pattern of PMB; mild bleeding significantly higher in cervicitis-CIN; moderate bleeding more in endometrial polyp and significantly higher than mild and sever bleeding; while severe bleeding was significantly associated in endometrial cancer. Duration of PMB had a vast range (4 days to 5 years). 24.83% of cases had prolonged bleeding > 6months, (48.7%) with endometrial hyperplasia, (12.8%) had endometrial cancer. The endometrial cancer present in 10% of the patients with recurrent PMB.

Keywords: Postmenopausal bleeding; Endometrial cancer; Colposcopy

Copyright © 2019 by The American Society for BioMedicine and BM-Publisher, Inc.

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Downloads: 77

Research Article
dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/016-7/263-280
American Journal of BioMedicine Volume 7, Issue 3, pages 150-170
Received April 120, 2019; Accepted July 30, 2019; Published August 22, 2019

Article outline

  1. Abstract
  2. Keywords
  3. Introduction
  4. Materials and methods
  5. Results
  6. Discussions
  7. Acknowledgements
  8. References