The relationship between fasting and rheumatologic and inflammatory markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

AJBM crossMark

Nooshin bayat ¹, Amin rezaei ², Gholamhossein Alishiri ¹, Mahdi Safiabadi ¹∗

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of G-ODN/Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) inhibitor on the mice with diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated with cerebral infarction (DMCI). The mice divided into four groups: sham, vehicle, DM + middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and DM+MCAO+G-ODN groups. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining used to measurement of infarction area, dry-wet method for investigate cerebral water content, and western blotting for detecting the expressions of TLR9 signaling pathway. After streptozotocin (STZ) injection, when compared with the sham group, blood glucose in the other two groups was increased greatly, while blood glucose in the DM+MCAO+G-ODN group was lower than that in the DM + MCAO group. Furthermore, there is a significant decrease in SOD activity, increase in MDA, apoptosis, expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, proinflammatory cytokines and TLR9 proteins in mice model groups. Compared with the DM + MCAO group, mice in the DM+MCAO+G-ODN group had an evident increase in SOD activity and an obvious decrease in MDA content. Additionally, mice in the DM + MCAO group had more infarct volume ratio and cerebral water content. Mice in DM + MCAO group had the most apoptotic cells. While comparing with the DM + MCAO group, expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β and TLR4 proteins were decreased in the DM+MCAO+G-ODN group. Our study confirmed that inhibition of TLR9 signaling pathway may protects neuronal cells in diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction.

Keywords: TLR9; Neuronal cells; G-ODN; Diabetes mellitus

Copyright © 2019 by The American Society for BioMedicine and BM-Publisher, Inc.

Article citationReferencesFeedback
The citation data is computed by the following citation measuring services:

Google scholarcitedby

References

  1. Lawrence RC, Helmick CG, Arnett FC, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1998;41(5):778-99. [PubMed]
  2. Gabriel SE. The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 2001;27(2):269-81. [Abstract/Full-Text]
  3. Kirwan JR. Links between radiological change, disability, and pathology in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of rheumatology 2001;28(4):881-6. [Abstract/Full-Text]
  4. Roberts CA, Dickinson AK, Taams LS. The interplay between mono-cytes/macrophages and CD4(+)T cell Subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2015;6:571. [Abstract/Full-Text]
  5. Sköldstam L, Larsson L, Lindström FD. Effects of fasting and lactovegetarian diet on rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1979; 8(4):249-55. [PubMed] 
  6. Uden A-M, Trang L, Venizelos N, Palmblad J. Neutrophil functions and clinical performance after total fasting in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic diseases 1983;42(1):45-51. [PubMed]
  7. Stroud R. The effect of fasting followed by specific food challe-nge on rheumatoid arthritis. Curre-nt Topics in Rheumatology In Kahn BH, Arnett FC, Zizic TM, Hochberg MC, eds, Upjohn, Kalamazoo. 1983.
  8. Panush RS, Stroud RM, Webster EM. Food‐induced (allergic) arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis ex-acerbated by milk. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1986;29(2):220-6. [PubMed]
  9. Sundqvist T, Lindstrom F, Mag-nusson KE, et al. Influence of fasting on intestinal permeability and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rhe-umatol 1982; 11(1):33-8. [PubMed]
  10. Darlington L, Ramsey N, Man-sfield J. Placebo-controlled, blind study of dietary manipulation therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. The Lancet 1986;327(8475):236-8. [Abstract/Full-Text]
  11. Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. The American Rheu-matism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1988;31(3):315-24. [Abstract/Full-Text]
  12. Center BR. Ramadan Fasting and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Bahrain Medical Bulletin 2003;25(2).
  13. 13. Haugen MA, Kjeldsen-Kragh J, Skakkebaek N, et al. The influence of fast and vegetarian diet on parameters of nutritional status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1993;12(1):62-9. [PubMed]
  14. Skoldstam L, Brudin L, Hagfors L, Johansson G. Weight reduction is not a major reason for improve-ement in rheumatoid arthritis from lacto-vegetarian, vegan or Mediter-ranean diets. Nutr J 2005;4:15. [Abstract/Full-Text]
  15. McDougall J, Bruce B, Spiller G, et al. Effects of a very low-fat, vegan diet in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8(1):71-5. [PubMed]
  16. Choy E, Sattar N. Interpreting lipid levels in the context of high-grade inflammatory states with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis: a challenge to conventional cardiovascular risk actions. Annals of the Rheumatic diseases 2009;68(4):460-9. [PubMed]
  17. Hafstr m Il, Ringertz B, Gyllenhammar H, et al. Effects of fasting on disease activity, neutrophil function, fatty acid composition, and leukotriene biosynthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1988;31(5):585-92. [PubMed]
  18. Sköldstam L, Lindström FD, Lindblom B. Impaired conA suppressor cell activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis shows normalization during fasting. Scand J Rheumatol 1983;12(4):369-73. [PubMed]
  19. Reynolds G, Gibbon JR, Pratt AG, et al. Synovial CD4+ T-cell-derived GM-CSF supports the differentiation of an inflammatory dendritic cell population in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic diseases 2015.
  20. Mackiewicz A, Speroff T, Gana-pathi MK, Kushner I. Effects of cytokine combinations on acute phase protein production in two human hepatoma cell lines. The Journal of Immunology 1991;146 (9):3032-7. [PubMed]
  21. Schimmel EK, Yazici Y. Increased lipid levels but unchanged atherogenic index in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs: published experience. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009;27(3):446-51. [PubMed]
  22. Park YJ, Cho CS, Emery P, Kim WU. LDL cholesterolemia as a novel risk factor for radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis: a single-center prospective study. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e68975. [Abstract/Full-Text]

Who Can Become a Reviewer?
Any expert in the article's research field can become a reviewer with American Journal of Biomedicine. Editors might ask you to look at a specific aspect of an article,...

Find out more

Thank you for visiting American Journal of BioMedicine. * = Required fields

Error: Contact form not found.

Print Friendly, PDF & Email
Downloads: 844

DOI: 10.18081/2333-5106/016-6/213-218

Research Article
American Journal of BioMedicine Volume 7, Issue 3, pages 190-201
Received March 30, 2019; Accepted July 15, 2019; Published August 11, 2019

How to cite this article
Bayat N,Rezaei A, Alishiri G, Safiabadi M. The relationship between fasting and rheumatologic and inflammatory markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. American Journal of BioMedicine 2019;7(3):190-201.

Article outline
1. Abstract
2. Keywords
3. Introduction
4. Materials and Methods
5. Results
6. Discussions
7. Acknowledgements
8. References

Some Figures of this article

figure-gender-distribution-between-the-two-groups-american-journal-of-biomedicine