Received March 13, 2017; Accepted June 08, 2017; Published July 22, 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/015-05/206-219
Noémi da Silva, Daniel Kopper, Sevgi González-Hernández
Abstract
Sepsis is commonly defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an uncontrolled deleterious host response to infection. Septic shock is defined as a subset of sepsis in which there is profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities that are associated with a greater risk of mortality than with sepsis alone. Mortality varies for both definitions of sepsis, being 20-30% for sepsis, while for septic shock, this figure can shoot up to between 30% and 50%. Hemodynamic, kidney, lung, sinus, cardiovascular or liver abnormalities are the paramount reasons why these patients are hospitalized. Septic shock can develop immediately soon after hospital admission, but many cases develop it after some time, therefore causing patients to return to hospital treatments once they have already recovered. Therefore, it is crucial to know the markers that could predict and help identify the patients at risk of developing septic shock but also the ones who will develop systemic failures. With this review, we aimed to pool time reliable and cost-effective biomarkers. SIRS criteria, upon their discovery and publication, were a hope to generate a uniform prospective multicentric trial, but SIRS with its 4 criteria is too unspecific and insensitive sign in order to stratify patients. In this study, we aim to review the most important biological markers of organ function that is responsible for systemic failures in patients with septic shock. The early-stage mortal septic shock does not involve laboratory findings. The emergence of morphofunctional abnormalities does not appear abruptly.
Keywords: Severe sepsis; Systemic failure; Inflammation; Biomarkers
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