Issue 4, Volume 12 2024 – Advanced Journal of Biomedicine & Medicine

http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/2024.4

Published on December 30, 2024

Table of issue contents Pages 117-169

1	Research Article Bariatric surgery's impact on hepatic cirrhosis: a therapeutic bridge in advanced liver disease Yong Lee, Pavlos Jonthan, Catharina Grulich American Journal of BioMedicine Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024 Page 117-137 Received 31 July 2024; revised 01 September 2024; accepted 21 September 2024; published 04 November 2024 DOI: 10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/117 [crossref_buttons title="Bariatric surgery’s impact on hepatic cirrhosis: a therapeutic bridge in advanced liver disease" doi="10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/117" journal_title="American Journal of BioMedicine" issn="1234-5678" publication_year="2024" volume="Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 117- 137" first_author_given="John" first_author_surname="Smith" abstract="Hepatic cirrhosis, compounded by obesity, presents a significant clinical challenge, with limited therapeutic options to improve liver function and survival. Bariatric surgery has emerged as a potential intervention, offering metabolic and hepatic benefits. This study evaluates the impact of bariatric surgery on cirrhotic patients, synthesizing evidence from 20 studies using the PRISMA framework. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, identifying 20 studies that assessed the outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Key outcomes included changes in liver function (MELD and Child-Pugh scores), survival probabilities, weight loss, and post-operative complications. Data were extracted, analyzed, and synthesized to provide a comprehensive evaluation of bariatric surgery's role in this population. Bariatric surgery was associated with significant improvements in liver function, with MELD scores decreasing by an average of 28.6% and Child-Pugh scores transitioning many patients from Class B to Class A. Survival analysis revealed stabilization of survival probabilities at 70% within the first six months and 55-60% at 12 months. Weight loss outcomes were substantial, with an average excess weight loss of 60-70%. Post-operative complications were observed in 20-30% of patients, with the majority occurring within the first six months. Evidence quality, assessed using the GRADE system, was high for liver function and weight loss outcomes but moderate to low for complications. In conclusion, Bariatric surgery offers a promising therapeutic bridge for cirrhotic patients with obesity, improving liver function, survival, and metabolic health. While the findings are encouraging, careful patient selection and perioperative management are critical to optimizing outcomes. Further research is needed to validate these results and explore long-term benefits." pdf="https://ajbm.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Bariatric-surgerys-impact-on-hepatic-cirrhosis-a-therapeutic-bridge-in-advanced-liver-disease.pdf"]
2	Research Article Long-term mortality risk associated with cholesterol levels in primary prevention adults: insights from a retrospective cohort study Ahmed M. Ibrahi, Ovais Ahmed American Journal of BioMedicine Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024 Page 138-150 Received 12 October 2024; revised 30 October 2024; accepted 20 November 2024; published 10 December 2024 DOI: 10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/138 [crossref_buttons title="Long-term mortality risk associated with cholesterol levels in primary prevention adults: insights from a retrospective cohort study" doi="10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/138" journal_title="American Journal of BioMedicine" issn="1234-5678" publication_year="2024" volume="Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 138- 150" first_author_given="Ovais" first_author_surname="Ahmed" abstract="Cholesterol levels, particularly LDL-C, are a critical factor in cardiovascular risk management. However, the long-term mortality risk associated with cholesterol levels in adults undergoing primary prevention remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between cholesterol levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large retrospective cohort. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 50,000 adults aged 40-75 years without prior cardiovascular disease. Participants were stratified into quintiles based on baseline LDL-C levels. Mortality outcomes were assessed over a 15-year follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and treatment status. During the follow-up period, 6,500 deaths were recorded, including 2,100 cardiovascular-related deaths. Participants in the highest LDL-C quintile (>190 mg/dL) had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.30-1.62; P<0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.50-2.10; P<0.001) compared to those in the lowest quintile (<70 mg/dL). Statin use was associated with a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68-0.83; P<0.001). No significant differences were observed in mortality risk among intermediate LDL-C quintiles (70-130 mg/dL). In conclusions, Elevated LDL-C levels are independently associated with increased long-term mortality risk in adults undergoing primary prevention. These findings underscore the importance of aggressive LDL-C management in high-risk individuals and support the use of statins for primary prevention. Further research is needed to explore the impact of emerging lipid-lowering therapies on long-term outcomes." pdf="https://ajbm.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Long-term-mortality-risk-associated-with-cholesterol-levels-in-primary-prevention-adults-insights-from-a-retrospective-cohort-study.pdf"]
3	Research Article Comprehensive assessment of the global burden of antimicrobial resistance: Trends and insights from 2000 to 2023 Rahim Alomari, Ahmed Abdel-Razeq, Hamid Shamiah American Journal of BioMedicine Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024 Page 151-168 Received 11 October 2024; revised 12 November 2024; accepted 1 December 2024; published 23 December 2024 DOI: 10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/151 [crossref_buttons title="Long-term mortality risk associated with cholesterol levels in primary prevention adults: insights from a retrospective cohort study" doi="10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/151" journal_title="American Journal of BioMedicine" issn="1234-5678" publication_year="2024" volume="Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 151- 168" first_author_given="Hamid" first_author_surname="Shamiahs" abstract="Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most significant threats to global public health in the 21st century. This comprehensive review synthesizes two decades of data (2000-2023) to assess the evolving landscape of AMR worldwide. We analyzed data from major global surveillance systems, including WHO's GLASS and regional networks, encompassing over 195 countries. The assessment integrated epidemiological data, economic analyses, and environmental factors affecting AMR patterns. Global surveillance revealed a 65% increase in resistant infections from 2000 to 2023, with mortality rates reaching 4.95 million deaths annually attributed to AMR. Low- and middle-income countries showed resistance rates 3-4 times higher than high-income nations. Economic impact analyses estimated annual global costs at US$100-150 billion, projected to reach US$300 billion by 2030. Age-stratified data showed a 2.5-fold higher risk in elderly populations and a 1.8-fold increase in pediatric cases. Environmental studies identified significant correlations between urbanization (r=0.78, p<0.001) and AMR prevalence. Machine learning models demonstrated 85% accuracy in predicting resistance patterns, while antimicrobial stewardship programs reduced resistance rates by 32% in participating healthcare facilities. The global burden of AMR demonstrates alarming growth trajectories, particularly in resource-limited settings. Integrated approaches combining technological innovation, policy reform, and international collaboration are essential for effective AMR control. These findings emphasize the urgent need for sustained investment in surveillance, research, and implementation of evidence-based interventions to address this critical public health challenge." pdf="https://ajbm.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Comprehensive-Assessment-of-the-Global-Burden-of-Antimicrobial-Resistance-Trends-and-Insights-from-2000-to-2023.pdf"]
4	Research Article Prognostic factors and surgical approaches for long bone sarcomas: a comprehensive narrative study Wejdi Abbass Yassin Al-Fatlawy American Journal of BioMedicine Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024 Page 169-186 Received 19 October 2024; revised 10 November 2024; accepted 8 December 2024; published 26 December 2024 DOI: 10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/169 [crossref_buttons title="Prognostic factors and surgical approaches for long bone sarcomas: a comprehensive narrative study" doi="10.18081/2333-5106/2024.12/169" journal_title="American Journal of BioMedicine" issn="1234-5678" publication_year="2024" volume="Volume 12, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 169- 186" first_author_given="Wejdi Abbass Yassin" first_author_surname="Al-Fatlawy" abstract="This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of various surgical interventions for bone sarcoma, focusing on survival rates, functional outcomes, complication rates, and quality of life. A systematic review and analysis were conducted on six primary surgical interventions, including limb salvage surgery, wide resection, amputation, endoprosthetic reconstruction, biological reconstruction, and rotationplasty. Limb salvage surgery demonstrated the highest functional outcomes (85%) and quality of life scores (8.0/10), while endoprosthetic reconstruction achieved the highest survival rate (75%) but with a higher complication rate (30%). Amputation, despite the lowest complication rate (15%), showed reduced functional scores (65%) and survival rates (55%). Recovery times varied significantly, with biological reconstruction requiring the longest rehabilitation period (16 weeks) and wide resection the shortest (8 weeks). Psychological challenges were notable in amputation cases, with 15% of patients experiencing psychological issues. In conclusion: Limb-sparing procedures, where feasible, offer superior functional and quality-of-life outcomes compared to amputation, though they carry higher complication risks. The choice of surgical intervention should be individualized, balancing oncological and functional considerations. Future research should focus on reducing complication rates, improving prosthetic designs, and standardizing rehabilitation protocols to enhance patient outcomes. Long bone sarcomas, a rare and aggressive group of malignancies, primarily affect the skeletal system and pose significant challenges in clinical oncology. These tumors, which include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, are most commonly diagnosed in children, adolescents, and young adults, often leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, and systemic therapies, the prognosis for patients with long bone sarcomas remains variable and is influenced by a multitude of factors." pdf="https://ajbm.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Prognostic-factors-and-surgical-approaches-for-long-bone-sarcomas-a-comprehensive-narrative-study.pdf"]